how to draw a line in 3d space in python

Matplotlib was introduced keeping in mind, only two-dimensional plotting. Merely at the time when the release of 1.0 occurred, the 3d utilities were adult upon the 2nd and thus, nosotros have 3d implementation of data available today! The 3d plots are enabled by importing the mplot3d toolkit. In this commodity, we volition deal with the 3d plots using matplotlib.
Example:

Python3

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()

ax = plt.axes(projection = '3d' )

Output:

With the above syntax 3 -dimensional axes are enabled and information can be plotted in 3 dimensions. 3 dimension graph gives a dynamic approach and makes information more than interactive. Similar ii-D graphs, we tin can apply different ways to stand for three-D graph. We can brand a besprinkle plot, contour plot, surface plot, etc. Let's have a look at different 3-D plots.

Plotting iii-D Lines and Points

Graph with lines and signal are the simplest 3 dimensional graph. ax.plot3d and ax.scatter are the role to plot line and point graph respectively.
Example ane: 3 dimensional line graph

Python3

from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()

ax = plt.axes(projection = '3d' )

z = np.linspace( 0 , 1 , 100 )

x = z * np.sin( 25 * z)

y = z * np.cos( 25 * z)

ax.plot3D(x, y, z, 'green' )

ax.set_title( '3D line plot geeks for geeks' )

plt.evidence()

Output:

Example 2: 3 dimensional scattered graph

Python3

from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()

ax = plt.axes(projection = '3d' )

z = np.linspace( 0 , 1 , 100 )

ten = z * np.sin( 25 * z)

y = z * np.cos( 25 * z)

c = x + y

ax.besprinkle(x, y, z, c = c)

ax.set_title( '3d Besprinkle plot geeks for geeks' )

plt.bear witness()

Output:

Plotting Surface graphs and Wireframes

Surface graph and Wireframes graph work on gridded data. They take filigree value and plot information technology on three-dimensional surface.
Example 1: Surface graph

Python3

from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d

import numpy every bit np

import matplotlib.pyplot every bit plt

x = np.outer(np.linspace( - 2 , 2 , ten ), np.ones( 10 ))

y = 10.re-create().T

z = np.cos(x * * 2 + y * * three )

fig = plt.figure()

ax = plt.axes(projection = '3d' )

ax.plot_surface(x, y, z, cmap = 'viridis' , edgecolor = 'green' )

ax.set_title( 'Surface plot geeks for geeks' )

plt.show()

Output:

Instance 2: Wireframes

Python3

from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def f(x, y):

render np.sin(np.sqrt(x * * 2 + y * * 2 ))

10 = np.linspace( - 1 , 5 , 10 )

y = np.linspace( - 1 , 5 , ten )

10, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)

Z = f(X, Y)

fig = plt.figure()

ax = plt.axes(projection = '3d' )

ax.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z, color = 'green' )

ax.set_title( 'wireframe geeks for geeks' );

Output:

Plotting Profile Graphs

Contour graph takes all the input data in two-dimensional regular grids, and the Z data is evaluated at every indicate.We use ax.contour3D role to plot a contour graph.
Example:

Python3

from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot equally plt

def f(ten, y):

return np.sin(np.sqrt(x * * 2 + y * * 3 ))

ten = np.linspace( - 1 , 5 , 10 )

y = np.linspace( - 1 , 5 , x )

X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)

Z = f(X, Y)

fig = plt.figure()

ax = plt.axes(projection = '3d' )

ax.contour3D(Ten, Y, Z)

Output:

Plotting Surface Triangulations

The above graph is sometimes overly restricted and inconvenient. So by this method, nosotros employ a set of random draws. The function ax.plot_trisurf is used to draw this graph. It is not that clear only more than flexible.
Example:

Python3

from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot every bit plt

theta = 2 * np.pi * np.random.random( 100 )

r = 6 * np.random.random( 100 )

ten = np.ravel(r * np.sin(theta))

y = np.ravel(r * np.cos(theta))

z = f(x, y)

ax = plt.axes(projection = '3d' )

ax.scatter(x, y, z, c = z, cmap = 'viridis' , linewidth = 0.25 );

ax = plt.axes(project = '3d' )

ax.plot_trisurf(x, y, z, cmap = 'viridis' , edgecolor = 'green' );

Output:

Plotting Möbius strip

Möbius strip likewise called the twisted cylinder, is a 1-sided surface without boundaries. To create the Möbius strip call up about its parameterization, it'due south a 2-dimensional strip, and we need two intrinsic dimensions. Its bending range from 0 to ii pie around the loop and width ranges from -i to i.
Example:

Python3

from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from matplotlib.tri import Triangulation

theta = np.linspace( 0 , 2 * np.pi, 10 )

west = np.linspace( - 1 , v , 8 )

west, theta = np.meshgrid(west, theta)

phi = 0.five * theta

r = 1 + w * np.cos(phi)

x = np.ravel(r * np.cos(theta))

y = np.ravel(r * np.sin(theta))

z = np.ravel(w * np.sin(phi))

tri = Triangulation(np.ravel(w), np.ravel(theta))

ax = plt.axes(projection = '3d' )

ax.plot_trisurf(x, y, z, triangles = tri.triangles,

cmap = 'viridis' , linewidths = 0.two );

Output:

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Source: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/three-dimensional-plotting-in-python-using-matplotlib/

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